Abstract: Dị ka ike dị ọcha enwere ike imeghari, teknụzụ gasification biomass emebela nke ọma.Akwụkwọ a na-ewebata n'ụzọ dị nkenke ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke biomass gasification na ụdị nke usoro gasification, ma kọwaa ụkpụrụ ọrụ na uru na ọghọm nke isi ụdị gasifiers.The gasification arụmọrụ dị elu ma Ọdịdị dị mgbagwoju;nyocha nke njirimara nke gasifier nwere ihe nduzi na-eduzi maka nhazi na ọrụ nke ọrụ gasification biomass.
okwu mmeghe
Na-esiwanye njọ zuru ụwa ọnụ ike nsogbu na mbibi nke gburugburu ebe obibi, biomass, dị ka a mmeghari ohuru ike dị ọcha, bụ nke anọ kasị ukwuu akụ mgbe mmanụ, coal na eke gas, na dọtara ukwuu anya.Teknụzụ gasification biomass nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị ịnye gas na ike ike, kamakwa enwere ike iji mejupụta methanol na amonia.Ọ nwere mgbanwe teknụzụ zuru oke, ịdị ọcha dị mma, akụ na ụba dị elu, yana arụmọrụ dị elu.Mba dị iche iche gburugburu ụwa na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-akwalite nyocha na teknụzụ gasification biomass.
1 Ụkpụrụ nke biomass gasification
Biomass gasification bụ nchịkọta mmeghachi omume dị mgbagwoju anya.Site na nnukwu echiche, enwere ike kewaa ya na usoro mmeghachi omume anọ: ihicha, pyrolysis, oxidation ( combustion) na mbelata.
Ịkpọ nkụ bụ usoro anụ ahụ dị mfe, nke na-emekarị n'etiti 100 na 150 Celsius C, na usoro dum kwesịrị ịmịkọrọ nnukwu okpomọkụ.Mgbe okpomọkụ dị n'elu 15 Celsius C, biomass na-amalite ịmalite pyrolysis, ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe na-agbapụta, na unyi na-ahapụkwa akwa akwa maka mmeghachi omume ọzọ.Ngwaahịa gaseous nke biomass pyrolysis gụnyere CO, CO2, CH4, H2, wdg, nke ga-enweta mmeghachi omume oxidation ( combustion) na oxygen, na-ebunye oke ọkụ, na-enye okpomọkụ zuru oke maka ihicha, pyrolysis na mmeghachi omume mbelata, na ịnọgide na-enwe ahụ ike. usoro gasification dum.Na-adịgide adịgide.Mmiri mmiri na CO2 na-emepụta site na mmeghachi omume oxidation ( combustion) ga-emeghachi omume na carbon iji mepụta H2 na CO, si otú a na-emecha ngbanwe nke mmanụ siri ike na mmanụ gas.Usoro a bụ mmeghachi omume mbelata (mmeghachi omume endothermic).Ka okpomọkụ dị elu, ka mmeghachi omume na-esiwanye ike.Mgbe okpomọkụ dị ala karịa 800 Celsius, mmeghachi omume na-abụkarị n'ọnọdụ nkwụsị.
2 gasifier akwa edoziri
Na gasifier akwa edoziri, mmanụ biomass na-enweta ihicha, pyrolysis, oxidation ( combustion) na mbelata ma ghọọ gas na-ere ọkụ.Dị ka ọkọnọ ọnọdụ nke gasification gị n'ụlọnga na usoro nke na-eru site na mmanụ ụgbọala oyi akwa, e nwere elu-suction ụdị, ala-suction ụdị, cross-suction ụdị na-emeghe ụdị, na mbụ ụdị abụọ nke gasifiers bụ tumadi na-eji.
2.1 Igwe ọkụ na-ebuli elu
Ngwunye mmeghachi omume nke gasifier elu-amịpụta bụ, site n'elu ruo na ala, oyi akwa ihicha, oyi akwa pyrolysis, oyi akwa mbelata na oyi akwa oxide.A na-eri nri biomass n'ime gasifier si n'elu, nke mbụ na-ekpo ọkụ ma kpoo ya site na gas, mgbe ahụ pyrolyzed site na okpomọkụ, nnukwu ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe na-ebuli elu, na carbon siri ike na-abanye n'ime mbelata oyi akwa na oxide oyi akwa n'okpuru n'aka nke ya. .A na-enye onye na-ahụ maka gasification site na akụkụ nke ala na nke mbụ na-enweta mmeghachi omume oxidation na carbon siri ike, na-ahapụ okpomọkụ iji mee ka okpomọkụ nke ikuku gas na akwa akwa ngwa ngwa dịkwuo elu, na mmiri gas jupụtara na ngwaahịa combustion.Mgbe ịbanye na oyi akwa na-ebelata, ngwaahịa combustion na carbon na-enweta mmeghachi omume mbelata, na endothermic na-ebelata okpomọkụ.Mgbe okpomọkụ dara n'okpuru 800 Celsius, mmeghachi omume mmeghachi omume na-adị nwayọọ na ọbụna kwụsị.Ikuku ikuku na-aga n'ihu, na-enye okpomọkụ maka pyrolysis mmanụ ọkụ na ihicha.
2.2 gasifier Downdraft
Ngwunye mmeghachi omume nke gasifier downdraft bụ, site n'elu ruo na ala, oyi akwa ihicha, oyi akwa pyrolysis, oyi akwa oxide na mbelata oyi akwa.E nwere ụdị abụọ nke downdraft gasifiers dabere na ebe a na-enye onye na-ahụ maka gasification: otu bụ gasifier nke nwere akụkụ olu n'etiti, a na-enyekwa onye na-ahụ maka gasification site n'akụkụ elu nke mpaghara olu etiti.;Nke abụọ bụ gasifier ala na-enweghị akụkụ olu etiti, a na-enyekwa onye na-ahụ maka gas si n'akụkụ elu.Ụkpụrụ na-arụ ọrụ nke gasifier downdraft bụ isi ihe dị ka nke ụdị nkwalite, ma e wezụga na okpomọkụ achọrọ maka ihicha mmanụ na pyrolysis sitere na oyi akwa oxide dị ala.
3 gasifier akwa akwa
Usoro mmeghachi omume gasification bụ isi nke akwa akwa na akwa akwa bụ otu ihe ahụ, mana ọ nweghị akwa doro anya.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, e nwere ụdị akwa akwa atọ bụ isi: akwa mmiri na-agba agba, akwa mmiri na-ekesa, na akwa akwa okpukpu abụọ.
3.1 Igwe ọkụ akwa akwa na-agbapụta (BFB)
N'ihe ndina na-agba agba, mgbe ọsọ gas karịrị oke ikuku gas na-agba ọsọ, ihe ndị siri ike na-amalite ịmị ọkụ, afụ na-apụta n'ime akwa akwa, na mpaghara dị oke egwu ebe ụmụ irighiri ihe na-agbakọta na mpaghara dilute nke afụ na-achịkwa.
Ahụ ọkụ ahụ dị oke oke ma buru ibu, na akụkụ nke ala bụ mpaghara oke oke nwere akwa akwa doro anya.Mmeghachi omume gasification na-emekarị na mpaghara oke oge.Iji gbochie mmanu mmanu mmanu ka a ghara ime ya site na oke uzo site na ikuku ikuku, a na-eme ka akụkụ elu nke ọkụ na-eme ka ihe gbasaa iji belata ngwa ngwa gas., nke na-agbatịkwa oge mmeghachi omume nke mmanụ ọkụ na mpaghara dilute frasi.
3.2 Na-ekesa gasifier akwa akwa (CFB)
Ahụ ọkụ nke CFB gasifier dị gịrịgịrị ma dị gịrịgịrị, a na-etinyekwa ihe nkesa cyclone na elu elu nke ọkụ ahụ iji kewaa ma nakọta ihe ndị siri ike na-ekpo ọkụ ma zighachi ha n'ọkụ ahụ.
Ihe ndina CFB na-ejupụta oghere akpa ahụ niile, ọ nweghị mpaghara akụkụ dị oke na mpaghara ngbanwe.Ọnọdụ dị mkpa maka ịnọgide na-enwe ntanye ihe dị n'àkwà bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ihe siri ike na-ekesa.Ozugbo mgbasa ozi na-adịghị mma, ihe niile dị n'àkwà nwere ike ịfụ.N'ihi àgwà mmiri na-adịghị mma nke mmanụ ọkụ biomass, CFB gasifiers na-eji ájá dị ka ihe inyeaka mmiri mmiri.
The CFB gasifier nwere ihe abụọ e ji mara: gas eruba ọnụego dị elu, n'ozuzu n'etiti 4 ~ 7m / s, akwa na-arụ ọrụ na ngwa ngwa fluidization mpaghara;elu mgbasa ozi nke ofu irighiri bụ n'etiti 10 ~ 20.
3.3 gasifier akwa akwa okpukpu abụọ (DFB)
Igwe gas na-edobe ihe ndina okpukpu abụọ na-anakwere ọkụ akwa akwa abụọ, otu bụ gasifier na nke ọzọ bụ ọkụ ọkụ.A na-agbakwunye mmanụ ọkụ biomass na gasifier na ájá dị ọkụ dị ka ihe ndina, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ájá na-etinye uche, na mmeghachi omume pyrolysis.Ngwaahịa gas na-eburu carbon fọdụrụnụ na ájá wee kewaa ya na nkewa.A na-eji ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na ájá dị iche iche na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na ájá na-ekpo ọkụ, na ájá na-ekpo ọkụ na-ebu ya site na flue gas ma kewapụ ya site na nkewa, na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-alaghachi na gasifier.Akụkụ pụtara ìhè nke gasifier DFB bụ na a na-ebufe ihe mmanụ ọkụ n'ime ọkụ akwa abụọ nke nwere mmiri mmiri site na iji ikike mbufe siri ike nke akwa akwa.
4 Njirimara nke ụdị gasifiers dị iche iche
The ofu-bed gasifier nwere a dị mfe Ọdịdị, obosara adaptability nke akụrụngwa, urughuru size ruo 100mm, obere uche na slagging, na obere gas ofufe ash ọdịnaya, ma ọ bụ naanị adabara obere-ọnụ ọgụgụ gasification arụmọrụ na-esi ike ọnụ ọgụgụ. .
Igwe gas na-edobe ihe ndina nwere oke gasification arụmọrụ yana uru calorific dị elu, mana nhazi ya dị mgbagwoju anya.Ọ nwere ụfọdụ chọrọ na urughuru size, uniformity, mmiri ọdịnaya na eke ìgwè n'akuku nke mmanụ ụgbọala.Ọ na-enwe mmetụta maka slagging, na gas ofufe ash ọdịnaya Ọ bụrụ na e nwere ọtụtụ, ọ dị mkpa ka a kwadebere na a uzuzu mwepụ na ọcha usoro.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nnukwu ọrụ gasification biomass ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-enweta teknụzụ gasifier akwa akwa akwa akwa.
5 Nkwubi okwu
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ihe ndị chọrọ ikuku carbon zuru ụwa ọnụ na-adịwanye njọ, na mkpa nke biomass nwere njirimara nke "zero carbon emission" na-apụtawanye ìhè.Akwụkwọ a na-ewebata n'ụzọ dị nkenke ụkpụrụ nke biomass gasification na atụnyere na nyochaa ụdị gasifiers dị iche iche.Enwere ike ịhụ na akwa akwa na akwa akwa na-edozi ahụ nwere uru nke aka ha, ma ihe ndina na-edozi ahụ na-adaba adaba maka nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ na ọ bụ ọdịnihu mmepe ntụziaka , nke mere na-eme ka a bit nke nduzi pụtara imewe na ọrụ nke. Biomass gasification oru ngo.
Oge nzipu: Mar-29-2022